What is the Differences of makka and madina surah?

إن الآيات المكية هي الآيات القرآنية التي نزلت في عهد الدعوة المكية أي قبل هجرة الرسول صلى الله عليه وسلم، لذا يقسم القرآن الكريم إلى آيات مكية وآيات مدنية أي ما نزل قبل الهجرة النبوية وما نزل بعدها.

نجد أن كثيرا من السور القرآنية نزلت متفرقة فبعض أجزائها نزل في مكة أولا ثم تتابع نزولها في المدينة، مع ذلك فإن علماء الفرقان يضعون علامات مميزة لكلا النوعين فالمكي يركز أساسا على ذكر الجنة والنار، الثواب والعقاب والتذكير بالآخرة وزرع الإيمان وبعض قصص الأنبياء. في حين نجد القرآن المدني يركز بشكل أساسي على التشريعات وتنظيم أمور المسلمين بعد تشكل المجتمع الإسلامي في المدينة المنورة

الدعوة إلى التوحيد الخالص والإيمان بالبعث والحساب والجنة والنار

تحدي العرب للإتيان بسورة من مثله

تقريع ومحاججة المشركين والكافرين

سرد قصص الأمم الغابرة الهالكة مثل عاد وثمود

التحذير من الشرك بالله كدعاء غيره (ولا تدع من دون الله ما لا ينفعك ولا يضرك)

الكثير من الآيات المكية قصيرة نسبيا كما في سور آخر المصحف بينما أطول آية في القرآن (آية الدين) مدنية

Answer

A Makka surah is short and carries a message about oneness of god and the prophethood of the holy prophet. Whilst a madina sura is long, and talks about ethics, and commandments like fasting, praying hajj. etc.

http://wiki.answers.com/Q/What_is_the_Differences_of_makka_and_madina_surah

The Meccan suras are the chronologically earlier suras of the Qur'an that were revealed^{[citation needed]} at Makkah. The other type of sura is theMadinan sura.

Makki sura are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an. Most of the suras containing Muqatta'atare Makki. A detail characteristics of Makki and Madani Sura can be found here.^[1]

The division of surahs into 'Makki surahs' and 'Medinan surahs' is primarily a consequence of stylistic and thematic considerations. Classification of the surahs into these periods is based upon factors such as the length of the verse and the presence or absence of certain key concepts or word (e.g. al-Rahman as name of God).^[2]

^{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meccan_sura}

The Qur'an was revealed over 23 years of the lifetime of the prophet Muhammad who was 40 years old when the first verse was revealed in the city of Makkah. The prophet started to preach these verses; initially secretly and later openly. The overarching theme of the Qur’anic verses is the emphasis on the monotheism doctrine in worshiping only one God and opposing the general polytheistic belief of the people of Makkah. Hence, majority opposed this new religion, but gradually adherents increased. The mission of Muhammad continued 13 years in Makkah. The general theme of the verses and chapters revealed in Makkah thus emphasized in establishing logical proofs for monotheism detailing on the attributes of God and His supreme power. This is illustrated often by relating stories of past people and prophets and what happened to them when they rejected the monotheistic message. In general Makkah surahs emphasized the establishment of the monotheism doctrine, the prophethood of Muhammad and the reality of the Day of Judgment. As the people of Makkah were masters of the classical Arabic language, Prophet Muhammad considered this Qur'an – being the words of God- a miracle and challenged the Arabs of Makkah to bring a similar chapter like the Qur'an. Thus, the chapters of Makkah –in addition to the monotheistic tone- had a secondary objective of being literal, rhetorical and linguistic challenge for Arabs. This is evident in selection of strong words, phrases and Arabic constructs in Makki verses.

Later, the prophet migrated to Medina where the people welcomed him and allowed Islam to rule that city. Verses revealed in Medinah started to lay down Islamic law and jurisprudence, in addition to the continuing theme of Islamic monotheism. Medina period witnessed many battles of Islam and eventually Islam expanded to other nearby cities and tribes. In general, Medina surahs emphasized on establishing Islamic laws, ethics, morals, marital and family laws, monetary transactions, and relationship of Islam and Muslims with other world religions.

http://textminingthequran.com/wiki/Makki_and_Madani_Surahs